Active Leaf:
In a pair of doors, the door or doors in which the latching device is installed; also referred to as an Active Door.
AHJ:
(abbr.) Authority having Jurisdiction.
All-section Key Blank:
The key section that enters all the keyways of a multiplex key system.
ALOA:
Associated Locksmiths of America, Inc.
Alternating Parity:
Most often describes the type of mathematical progression employed to develop master key systems. Parity refers to the bitting depths, "odd" or "even" numbers. In an alternating parity system, the bitting depths in any given bitting position can be odd or even numbered depths; sometimes called a "one-step" system.
Americans with Disabilities Act:
This is a US federal law dealing with minimum standards of building accessibility, as well as other issues affecting individuals with disabilities.
Annunciator:
A device that produces an audible and/or visible indication of light and/or noise, or a verbal message.
ANSI:
(abbr.) American National Standards Institute, Inc.
ANSI Cut-out:
A standardized cut-out for hardware furnished on many rated and non-rated doors and frames.
Anti-friction Latch:
A device incorporated into the latch bolt of a lock for reducing friction between bolt and strike.
Anti-Passback:
A security feature in electronic access control systems that prevents a card or token from being used to enter an area a second time without first exiting, ensuring proper tracking of individuals through controlled areas.
Anti-thrust bolt:
A spring bolt, for a night latch particularly, which cannot be pushed back when it has shot out and fastened a door, although it can be withdrawn by knob or key. This security device is usually achieved by a dog inside the latch case which falls behind the bolt and keeps it shot out when an auxiliary slide is pushed in.
Anti-thrust plate:
An overlapping metal plate fitted to outward opening doors so as to prevent access to lock bolts.
Associated Change Key:
A change key which is related directly to particular master key(s) through the use of constant cuts.
Associated Master Key:
A master key that has particular change keys related directly to its combination via the use of constant cuts.
Astragal (Overlapping & Interlocking):
A set of vertical mouldings that extend the full height of the door and is fastened to a door and jamb or a pair of doors that interlock for increased security from a forced entry attack.
Astragal (Overlapping):
A vertical moulding that extends the full height of the door leaf and is applied to a door or pair of doors at their meeting edges. The astragal closes the clearance gap for the purpose of providing a weather seal, minimizing the passage of light between the doors, retarding the passage of smoke and flame during a fire, or maintaining security. Some types of astragals are flat pieces of aluminum, steel, or wood. Some astragals are designed to wrap around the lock stile of the door. Overlapping astragals are not permitted to be used on pairs of doors that are required to swing in the direction of egress travel.
Astragal (Split):
A vertical molding attached to the meeting edges of each of the leaves of a pair of doors, for protection against weather. The split feature permits both leaves to be active. Split astragals can be surface-mounted, semi-mortised or full-mortised in the vertical edge of the doors. Split astragals are available with brush, pile, silicone, neoprene, or vinyl inserts to seal the gap between the meeting stiles in pairs of doors.
Automatic Deadlatch:
A deadlatch, the main bolt of which is automatically locked (or deadlocked) when the door is closed.
Back Check:
The resistance provided by a door closer as the door is opened.
Backplate:
The plate, fixed on a door, to which the moving parts of a lock or latch are attached.
Backset:
The horizontal distance from the outside face of the outer forend to the centre of the keyhole or follower hole (or both). Designated as the "keyhole backset" or "follower backset".
Barrel Bolt:
The common kind of door bolt having a round shoot running in a long continuous guide or strap attached by the backplate, the shoot being provided with a knob or the equivalent for operation by hand.
Barrier-free:
Refers to ensuring accessibility for seniors and people with disabilities.
Bell Crank:
A mechanical device using a pivoting action to change the direction of a mechanical force or motion.
Bevel (of a door):
The pitch on the leading edge of a door that allows clearance for closing.
Bevel (of a lock):
The pitch of the face designed to match the bevel of a door. Some locks have an adjustable bevel.
Bezel:
A threaded collar commonly used to secure certain cylinder or lock assemblies.
BHMA:
(abbr.) Builders Hardware Manufacturers' Association
Bible:
The portion of the cylinder shell that normally houses the pin chambers, especially those of key-in-knob cylinders or certain rim cylinders.
Binary-type Cylinder or Lock:
A cylinder or lock with a combination that only allows for two bitting possibilities in each position.
Birmingham Bar:
A steel bar fitted to the inside face of a door frame on the hinge side.
Bit:
The part of the key that serves as the blade; usually for use in a warded or lever tumbler lock.
Bit Key:
A key with one or more projecting bits.
Bitting:
The number(s) that represent(s) the dimensions of the key cuts OR the actual cut(s) or combination of the key.
Bitting Depth:
The depth of a cut that's made into the blade of a key.
Bitting Increment:
Within a lock manufacturer's key cutting specifications, the bitting increment is the uniform measurement from one successive bitting depth to the next i.e. with a bitting increment of .018″ and if a #0 cut measures .320″, a #1 cut will measure .302″, a #2 .284″, etc.
Bitting List:
A list of all key combinations used within a system. The combinations are most often arranged in order of the blind codes, direct codes and/or key symbol.
Blade:
The segment of a key that enters the keyway of a lock, containing the key cuts. On a bit key, it is referred to as a bit.
Blank:
See Key Blank
Blank (key) or key blank:
A partly made key, which has been shaped to enter the keyhole of a certain type of lock or latch, but of which the blade has not been finally notched to operate any individual lock.
Blind Code:
A designation, unrelated to the bitting, assigned to particular a key combination for future reference when additional keys or cylinders may be needed.
Block Master Key:
The level-one master key that operates one block of changes in a key bitting array of a standard progression format master system.
Bolt:
The part of a lock or latch which provides the fastening or engagement by protruding from the case or forend to engage in the staple, striking plate, link, shackle or other members.
Bolt Stump:
A rectangular part in lever tumbler locks located above the talon, passing through the slot in the levers as the bolt moves.
Boltworks:
The combination of bars, rods, plates and linkages in a safe door designed to hold the door in the locked or unlocked position depending on the status of the lock itself OR any part of a lock other than a cylinder, turn piece, or operating handle that affects the movement of, or the ability to, move the bolt.
Bond Box:
The removable container within a safe deposit box compartment.
Bore:
To make a hole in or through, especially with a revolving tool. (See "Edge Bore" and "Cross Bore")
Bored Locks:
Any lock that requires a hole cross-bored through the door into which the lock is installed.
Bottom Pin (Key Pin):
In a pin tumbler lock, the pin in contact with the key, which has varying lengths corresponding to the key's bitting cuts.
Bow (of a key):
That part of the key which is held in the fingers when operating the lock or latch.
Break:
A separation in one or more sections of the pin used to encode a lock for a specific key or set of keys in a master keying system.
BS - British Standard Specification:
Authorised and issued by the British Standards Institute, the accepted UK authority for all standards of performance, tests and manufacture.
Building Master Key:
A key that operates all or most master keyed locks in a given building.
Bump Key:
A lock picking key with uniform steeples between cuts that is forced further into the lock via impact.
Burglar Bars:
Steel bars, usually round or square in profile, cut to length and fixed internally to window frames.
Cabinet Lock:
A generic term to include all locks of any type for use on pieces of furniture, such as cupboards, drawers, chests, boxes and the like.
Cam:
Usually a tongue fixed to the end of the plug of a cylinder lock or latch.
Cam Lock:
A complete locking assembly in the form of a cylinder whose cam is the actual locking bolt.
Cane Bolt:
A surface-mounted deadbolt designed to be moved by hand via a 90o bend in the bolt that serves as a handle.
Cap (of the lock):
The removable cover to a lock mechanism.
Capping Block:
A specialized tool used in lock rekeying to press pin springs into a lock cylinder without damaging the pins or springs.
Case:
The housing of a lock, usually metal, that contains the lock mechanism.
Case Harden:
To harden the surface of an iron-based alloy by carburizing and heat treatment, leaving the interior tough and ductile.
Casement Door:
A hinged door or pair of doors almost wholly glazed; often called a French Window.
Casement Window:
A window in which one or more lights are hinged to open.
Center Case:
The active chassis of a touch-bar or cross-bar exit device.
Centres:
The vertical measurement in an upright or sash lock between the centre of the keyhole and the centre of the follower hole.
Chamber:
Any cavity in a cylinder plug and/or shell that houses the tumblers.
Change Index:
The point on a dial ring to which the old and new combinations must be dialed when changing the combination.
Change Key:
A change key which is related directly to particular master key(s) through the use of constant cuts.
Chassis:
The part of a cylindrical lockset that contains the actuating mechanism and has a means for mounting trim and a bolt
Circlip:
A ring with open ends which can be sprung into place on a plug or other part to permit rotation but to prevent endways movement.
Cloner:
A device for reading and writing data to electronic or hybrid keys
Closed Shackle Padlock:
A padlock, the body of which is built up so that the minimum amount of shackle is visible when locked. It offers improved security against forcing or use of bolt-croppers.
Cloverleaf Cam:
A style of mortise cylinder cam with three lobes: a ball-shaped longer center and angular projections on either side.
Code Book:
A book in which indirect key codes can be referenced to their corresponding key bitting specifications.
Code Key:
A key cut to a specific code rather than duplicated from a pattern key; may or may not conform to the lock manufacturer's specifications.
Code Lock:
An electronic lock that requires a numeric code for operation instead of a physical key. Codes can typically be changed to maintain security.
Column Master Key:
The level two master key that operates all changes in a column of blocks in a key bitting array of the standard progression formation.
Combination:
The group of numbers representing the bitting of a key and/or the tumblers of a lock or cylinder.
Combination Lock:
An abbreviation of a name for a keyless combination lock. Cut cabinet lock A cupboard or drawer lock, the flange of which is recessed into the edge of the drawer or door.
Compensate Drivers:
The action of selecting longer or shorter pins, depending on the length of the rest of the pin stack, in order to achieve a uniform pin stack height. (See also Graduated Drivers)
Concealed Vertical Rod Exit Device:
A vertical rod exit device with rods and header/threshold bolts that are concealed within the door.
Constant Cut:
Any bitting(s) identical in corresponding positions from one key to another in a keying system. These keys are usually grouped together within a given level of keying and/or linked with keys of other levels. (See also Rotating Constant)
Constant Parity:
Usually used to describe the type of mathematical progression employed to develop a master key system. "Parity" refers to the bitting depths, i.e. "odd" or "even" numbers. In a constant parity system, all bitting depths in a given bitting position are either all odd or all even number depths; sometimes called a "two-step" system.
Continuous Duty:
An electrical term referring to the sustainable application of power over extended periods of time.
Control Key:
A key with a sole purpose to remove and/or install an interchangeable or removable core OR a bypass key used to operate and/or reset some combination type locks OR a key that permits disassembly of some removable cylinder locks.
Control Lug:
The part of an interchangeable or removable core retaining device that locks the core into its housing.
Control Sleeve:
The part of an interchangeable or removable core retaining device that surrounds the plug.
Controlled Cross Keying:
A condition in which two or more different keys of the same level of keying and under the same higher level key(s) operate one cylinder by design; eg. XAA1 operated by AA2 (but not XAA1 operated by AB1).
Core:
A complete unit, often with a figure 8 shape, that usually consists of the plug, shell, tumblers, springs, plug retainer and spring cover(s); used primarily in removable and interchangeable core cylinders and locks.
Cremone Bolt:
A surface-mounted, top and bottom locking, deadbolt mechanism operated in unison by a central handle; often made from decorative cast iron.
Cross Bore:
Term referring to a hole drilled through the face of a door into which a lock is installed; used to differentiate between this hole and the edge bore.
Cross Keying:
The deliberate process of keying a cylinder (usually in a master key system) to two or more different keys that would not normally be expected to operate together. (See also Controlled Cross Keying and Uncontrolled Cross Keying)
Cross-Keying:
A situation where multiple keys can operate a single lock, often used in master key systems.
Cruciform:
Of or pertaining to a key section or keyway; usually resembling a plus sign (+) or the letter "X".
CSA:
(abbr.) Canadian Standards Association
Current Transfer:
A wiring device used to supply electrical current from a door jamb to door-mounted devices. Current transfers are in the form of door loops, concealed loops and electric transfer hinges.
Cut:
To make cuts into a key blade.
Cut Angle:
A measurement, usually expressed in degrees, of the angle between the two sides of a key cut.
Cut Edge:
The portion of the key blade that contains the cuts.
Cut Key:
A key that has been bitted or combinated.
Cut Root:
The bottom of a key cut.
Cut Root Depth:
The measurement from the bottom of a cut in a key to the bottom of the key's blade.
Cut Root Shape:
The shape of the bottom of a key cut. It may have a flat or a radius of a specific dimension or be a perfect "V".
Cutter:
The part of a key machine that makes the cuts into the key blank.
Cutter Guide:
That part of a key machine that follows the cuts of a pattern key or template during duplication.
CVC:
(abbr.) Concealed vertical cable exit device
CVR:
(abbr.) Concealed vertical rod exit device
Cylinder:
Usually the cylinder with an inner co-axial plug which houses the pins, top pins (drivers), or disc tumblers and springs in the cylinder body.
Cylinder Blank:
A dummy cylinder with a solid face and no operating parts.
Cylinder Clip:
A spring steel ‘u-shaped' device used to secure some types of cylinders.
Cylinder Collar:
A plate or ring installed under the head of a cylinder to improve appearance and/or security. (See also Cylinder Guard)
Cylinder Guard:
A cylinder collar designed to protect the cylinder from prying and wrenching attacks.
Cylinder Housing:
With all component parts removed, this forms the main body or housing of a cylinder.
Cylinder key:
A key, having a bow and long blade in which "V" cuts are made along the upper edge to operate the pins and drivers in a pin tumbler mechanism.
Cylinder lock or latch:
Any lock or latch, the mechanism of which is contained in a cylinder.
Cylinder rose (or ring):
A shaped metal disc which surrounds the outer face of the cylinder of a cylinder mechanism assembly. It usually stands slightly proud of the outside face of the door.
Cylindrical Lock:
A bored lockset with latch or bolt locking mechanism contained in the portion installed through the cross-bore.
Day Gate:
A barrier used to restrict passage during normal business hours, normally used at a vault entrance
Deadbolt:
The square-ended bolt of a lock which is moved in both the locking and unlocking directions by the key (but occasionally by thumb turn inside only) to provide fastening. N.B. For obvious reasons, it is inadvisable to incorporate the thumb turn with the deadbolt of any deadlock or lock which is supposed to offer good security, if used on glass or wood panelled doors.
Deadlatch:
A nightlatch or latch, the springbolt of which can be locked (or deadlocked) by key or other means.
Deadlock:
A lock having only a square-ended deadbolt operable from one or both sides by key, and occasionally from outside only by key, inside by thumb turn. Sometimes operable only from outside and with no inside keyhole, which is designated a single-entry deadlock.
Deadlocking:
Pertaining to any feature that, when fully engaged, resists attempts to move the latch or bolt in the unlocking direction through direct pressure.
Deadlocking Plunger:
A bolt design feature that prevents the bolt from being retracted by force when the door is closed, enhancing security against entry without a proper key.
Declining Step Key:
A key with cuts progressively deeper from bow to tip.
Decode:
To determine a key combination by physical measurement of a key and/or cylinder parts.
Degree of Rotation:
A specification for the angle at which a cut is made into a key blade as referenced from the perpendicular eg. right (R or 2), left (L or 1) or center (= perpendicular) (C). This specification is typically used for high-security keys.
Delayed Action Closer:
A door closer function with a specific hold-open interval before it moves a door toward the latching position.
Delayed Egress:
An exit that will not open until a specified amount of time has elapsed after actuation.
Department Master Key:
A master key operating all or most master keyed locks of a given department.
Depth Key Set:
A set of keys used to make a code original key on a key duplicating machine to a lock manufacturer's given set of key bitting specifications. Each key is cut with the correct spacing to one depth only in all bitting positions, with one key for each depth.
Derived Series:
A series of blind codes and bittings directly related to those of another bitting list.
Detainer:
1. A generic term, not widely used, for any part such as a lever or tumbler which keeps a lock bolt in position 2. The name of the sliding security members in Butter's System locks.
Detainer 1.:
A generic term, not widely used, for any part such as a lever or tumbler which keeps a lock bolt in position 2. The name of the sliding security members in Butter's System locks.
DHI:
(abbr). Door and Hardware Institute
Dial:
The typically rotatable member of a combination lock be used to differentiate locations on the combination wheels and cause operation of the lock OR the act of turning or rotating a dial.
Dial Ring:
An escutcheon for a combination lock dial.
Differs:
An abbreviation of "different combinations" or changes.
Dimple:
A key cut in a dimple key. (See also Dimple Key)
Dimple Key:
A key with cuts drilled or milled into its blade surfaces. The cuts normally do not change the blade silhouette.
Direct Code:
A designation assigned to a particular key that includes the actual key combination.
Direct Drive:
Of, or pertaining to, a combination lock with the drive cam mounted on the dial's spindle shaft.
Disc Tumbler:
A flat tumbler that must be drawn into the cylinder plug by the proper, ensuring that none of its extremities extend into the shell OR. a flat, usually rectangular tumbler with a gate that must be aligned with a sidebar by the proper key; also referred to as a wafer tumbler.
Disc tumbler lock:
A cylinder lock having disc instead of pin tumblers.
Disc Tumblers:
The small shaped discs (usually of metal) in the disc tumbler mechanism which are the means of providing different combinations.
Display Key:
A special change key in a hotel master key system allowing access to one designated guest room, even if the lock is in the shut-out mode. It may also act as a shut-out key for that room.
Dogging:
To fix an exit device or latch lock in a position where the latch remains retracted.
Dogging Cylinder:
A key-operated cylinder used to dog an exit device.
Dogging Device:
In an exit device, a mechanism used to temporarily disable the latch from locking.
Dogging Key:
Usually a hex wrench with a special head for convenience; used to activate the dogging mechanism on a panic exit device.
Dogging Screw:
A screw used to dog an exit device.
Door Closer:
A device for closing a door or gate automatically after opening. There are numerous types available.
Door Closer Arm:
The arm is the connection between the door and the closer, or the jamb and the closer.
Door Coordinator:
A piece of hardware used on a pair of doors in order to hold the active door open until the inactive door is closed.
Door Holder:
Devices designed to maintain a door in the open position.
Door Loop:
A hollow metal flexible cable with a mounting plater on each end, designed to carry electrical cable from the door jamb to the door. (See also Current Transfer).
Door Pull:
A handle mounted onto the door used to open the door.
Door Schedule:
See Hardware Schedule
Door Silencer:
A bumper installed in the jamb stop to quiet the closing of a door.
Door Thickness:
The dimension of a door measured from side-to-side along one edge.
Door Viewer:
Optical device fitted through a door to enable observation without opening the door.
Double Bitted Key:
One with a bit on each side of the shank.
Double Cylinder Lock:
A type of lock with two cylinders; one on the inside of the door and one on the outside, to activate the locking mechanism.
Double Pin:
To place more than one master pin in a single pin chamber.
Double-acting Closer:
A door closer designed to be used on a double-acting door Double-acting Door: A door that may be pushed open from either side.
Double-acting Hinge:
A hinge permitting movement of a door in either direction from the closed position.
Double-bitted Key:
A key bitted on two opposite surfaces. (See also Single-bitted Key)
Double-handed Lock:
1. A lock designed for use either as a right or left-hand installation without alteration, generally by turning upside down. The keyhole has a circular formation at each end of the slot to accept the shank of the key. 2. A cupboard lock, the bolt of which can be shot either way to protrude from either side of the case.
Double-handed lock 1.:
A lock designed for use either as a right or left-hand installation without alteration, generally by turning upside down. The keyhole has a circular formation at each end of the slot to accept the shank of the key. 2. A cupboard lock, the bolt of which can be shot either way to protrude from either side of the case.
Drill Point:
The exact measurement of the location used to drill a locked-up container to create an opening.
Drill Protection:
Hardened metal inserts placed within a lock mechanism to resist drilling attacks commonly used to bypass lock cylinders.
Drive-in:
Pertaining to a latch or bolt with a round face.
Driver Pin (Top Pin):
A pin that sits above the key pin in a pin tumbler lock, in contact with the spring, and interferes with the plug rotation without the correct key.
Driver Spring:
A spring placed on top of the pin stack to exert pressure on the pin tumblers.
Drop In:
The gate area of the drive cam where the lever nose drops into; usually identified with a corresponding number on the dial.
Dual Custody:
A function designed to require the presence of two persons with two different keys, combinations or codes to operate the same device.
Dummy Cylinder:
A non-functional facsimile of a rim or mortise cylinder used for appearance only, usually to conceal a cylinder hole.
Dummy Trim:
A non-active trim applied for aesthetic purposes.
Duplicate:
To copy
Duplicate Key:
A key reproduced from a pattern key.
Dust Box:
A small box, usually made of plastic or metal, which fits behind a strike plate for the purpose of preventing debris from inside the door jamb, from entering the strike hole.
Dust Cover:
A device designed to prevent foreign matter from entering a mechanism through the keyway.
Dust-proof Cylinder:
A cylinder designed to prevent foreign matter from entering either end of the keyway.
Dust-proof Strike:
A typically floor-mounted strike that has a spring-loaded internal plunger designed to keep the receptacle free of dust and debris.
Dutch Door:
A door consisting of two separate leaves, an upper leaf and a lower leaf, that operate independently. The lower leaf frequently has a service shelf at its top.
Edge Bore:
A hole drilled into the edge of a door in order to install the latch and/or bolt mechanism of a cylindrical or tubular lock.
EEPROM:
(abbr.) Electrically erasable, programmable, read-only memory
Effective Plug Diameter:
The dimension obtained by adding the root depth of a key cut to the length of its corresponding bottom pin, which establishes a perfect shear line. This is not necessarily the same as the actual plug diameter.
Egress:
To exit
Ejector Hole:
A hole found on the bottom of certain interchangeable cores under each pin chamber, that provides a path for the ejector pin.
Ejector Pin:
A tool that drives all the elements of a pin chamber out of certain interchangeable cores.
Emergency Key:
The key or tool that operates a privacy function lockset.
Emergency Master Key:
A special master key that usually operates all guest room locks in a hotel master key system at all times, even in the shut-out mode. This key may also act as a shut-out key.
EMK:
(abbr.) Emergency master key
End Case:
Component of some exit devices which fastens to the door, near the hinge side, and provides an anchor point for that end of the bar.
Engineer's Key:
A selective master key used by maintenance personnel to operate many locks under different master keys in a system of three or more levels of keying.
Entrapment Cylinder:
A lock cylinder designed to trap a key that is inserted into it.
Escutcheon:
The cover for the keyhole of a mortise or similar lock.
Exit Alarm:
An annunciator that signals the opening of an exit door.
Exit Device:
A door lock/latch mechanism that releases in the direction of exit travel via a bar or panel extending across the major width of the door.
Exit Door:
A door that has no provision for ingress OR a door that fills some or all of the code requirement for safe egress of the occupant load from a building or portion of a building.
Exit Only:
Hardware designed to secure an opening in such a way as to permit exit at all times but prevent entry at all times.
Extension Link:
A device used to extend the backset of a spring latch or dead latch.
External 2 Track:
A sidewinder key that is cut one place on each flat side of the key, flat to edge, creating 2 tracks on the key.
External 4 Track:
A sidewinder key that's cut in 2 places on each flat side of the key, flat to edge, creating 4 tracks on the key.
External Relocking Device:
A device outside the lock case that prevents the safe door from being opened an attack. Typically two types are used, active and passive.
Extractor Key:
A tool that normally removes a portion of a two-piece key or blocking device from a keyway.
Extractors:
Tools used to remove broken keys or foreign objects from inside a lock cylinder.
Face Plate:
The outer of a double forend. A strip of metal fixed to the inner forend, thus forming a double forend.
Factory Original Key:
The cut key furnished by the lock manufacturer for a lock or cylinder.
Fail Safe:
Functional description of an electric locking device that is unlocked when not energized. (eg.) in the event of a power failure), the device is safe (exit is still possible) See also "Fail Secure".
Fail Secure:
Functional description of an electric locking device which is locked when not energized. (eg.) in the event of a power failure), the device is secure. (See also Fail Safe)
False Gate:
A gate in a part of the operating mechanism, that is not formed deeply enough to allow operation of the lock.
Fence:
A projection on a lock bolt which prevents movement of the bolt unless it can enter gates of properly aligned tumblers OR any locking element other than a sidebar or shackle designed to enter a tumbler's gate.
Final Exit Door:
The exit door through which entry must later be obtained, and so cannot be bolted. It is usually the front entrance door or final means of exiting.
Finish:
A material, coloring and/or texturing specification.
Fire Door:
A door constructed to provide a specific degree of fire protection.
Fire Door Assembly:
Any combination of a fire door, frame, hardware and other accessories, that together provide a specific degree of fire protection to the opening.
Fire Exit Hardware:
These are exit devices, which may legally be installed, on fire doors; distinguishable from other exit devices because they're labeled for fire and have no means of locking the latch in a retracted position.
Fire Safe:
An insulated safe designed to protect its contents from fire, rather than burglary.
Fire Separation:
Construction designed to limit the spread of fire in a structure.
Fireman's Key:
A key to override normal operation of elevators, bringing them to the ground floor.
First Generation Duplicate:
A duplicated key from a factory original key or a code original as a pattern.
First Key:
Any key produced without the use of a pattern key.
Five Column Progression:
A process wherein key bittings are obtained by using the cut possibilities in five columns of the key bitting array.
Flexible Head Mortise Cylinder:
An adjustable mortise cylinder that can be extended against spring pressure to a slightly longer length.
Floor Master Key:
A master key that operates all or most master keyed locks on a particular floor of a building.
Floor Safe:
A safe designed for mounting below floor level with the top surface flush with the finished floor; usually built into a concrete floor.
Flush Bolt:
A door bolt which can be recessed flush into the edge or face of a door.
Fly:
The part of a combination wheel pack or a drive cam that makes contact with a similar part on an adjacent wheel in the wheel pack and causes it to turn.
Follower:
A tool used in the disassembly of pin tumbler cylinders, allowing for the removal of the cylinder plug while retaining the top pins, springs, and/or other components within the shell. The follower is so called because it is used to "follow" the plug as it is being removed.
for "Preparatory Key"):
A key that must be used in conjunction with a renter's key to unlock a safe deposit lock; usually the same for every lock within the installation. The term "Guard Key" is typically used in reference to double-nose SD locks, while the term "Prep Key" identifies a key having the same function on single-nose SD locks. (See also Renter's Key and Guard Key)
Forbidden Zone:
On a combination lock dial, a range of marks within which the last item of the combination must not be set to provide for proper lock operation.
Forend:
That part of the lock or latch through which the bolt(s) protrude, and by which the lock or latch is fixed to the door.
Four Column Progression:
A process wherein key bittings are obtained by using the cut possibilities in four columns of the key bitting array.
Front Drive:
Of or pertaining to a combination lock with the drive cam located between the dial and the wheel pack
Function:
A set of operating features for a particular type of lock or exit device that make it suitable for a specific application. The function is designated by a classification name or standards reference number. See ANSI or BHMA for a specific listing.
Furniture:
The additional items needed, which are screwed to one or both sides of the door to enable a lock or latch to be manually operated. Known as door furniture, lock or latch furniture, locksets or latchsets (when complete with lock or latch) and can be either knob, lever handle, pull handle or push button.
Fusible Link:
A metal or plastic component designed to melt in the event of elevated heat, thereby releasing an attached device, such as a door closer hold-open or a relocking device.
Garrison Key:
A type of key with a complex profile that offers high security and resistance to picking, commonly used in higher security applications.
Gate:
A notch cut into the edge of a tumbler to accept a fence or sidebar.
GGGMK:
(abbr.) Great great grand master key (See below)
GGMK:
(abbr.) Great grand master key (See below)
Ghost Key:
A unintened key that opens one or more locks. Usually the result of a poorly designed Master Key System or improperly keyed lock.
Glass Relocker:
A device employing a frangible plate intended to permanently incapacitate a security container's normal opening mechanism if activated by physical attack on the container.
Glass Relocking Device:
A piece of tempered glass used to secure a safe, attached to spring-loaded bolts that release when the glass is broken during a burglary attempt.
GMK:
(abbr.) Grand master key (See below)
Graduated Drivers:
A set of top pins of different lengths. Usage is based on the height of the rest of the pin stack, in order to achieve a uniform pin stack height. (See also Compensate Drivers)
Grand Master Key:
The key that operates two or more separate groups of cylinders; each is operated by a different master key.
Grand Master Key System:
A master key system with three levels of keying.
Grand Master Keyed:
A cylinder which is to be keyed into a grand master key system.
Great Grand Master Key:
The key that operates two or more separate groups of cylinders, each is operated by a different grand master key.
Great Grand Master Key System:
A master key system with four levels of keying.
Great Grand Master Keyed:
A cylinder keyed into a great grand master key system.
Great Great Grand Master Key:
The key that operates two or more separate groups of cylinders, each operated by different great grand master keys.
Great Great Grand Master Key System:
A master key system with five or more levels of keying.
Great Great Grand Master Keyed:
Of a pertaining to a lock or cylinder which is (or is to be) keyed into a great great grand master key system.
Guard Key:
A key used in conjunction with a renter's key to unlock a safe deposit lock. It is usually the same for every lock within the installation. The term "Guard Key" is typically used in reference to double-nose SD locks, while the term "prep key" identifies a key having the same function on single- nose SD locks. (See also Prep Key and Renter's Key)
Guest Key:
A key in a hotel master key system that's normally used to unlock only the one guest room for which it was intended, but will not operate the lock in shut-out mode.
Hand of Lock:
The right or left hand the lock is presently set to, or what hand is required.
Handed:
A term to indicate that a lock or door hardware product is intended for use on a specific hand of door, and cannot be used on any other hand of door, at least, not without some adjustment.
Hard Plate:
A drill resistant metal plate, typically mounted under a lock in a safe to resist a drilling attack.
Hardware Schedule:
A detailed list of the door hardware used on a particular job; includes the door sizes, locations, types of hardware, manufacturers, finishes, sizes and more . It should also include a keying schedule specifying how each locking device must be keyed.
Hasp:
A hinged metal strap designed to be passed over a staple and secured in place.
Hasp and Staple:
A fastening in two pieces for a door or box to be secured by a padlock. The hinged part is called the hasp which is fitted to the door or lid of a box and shuts over the staple, which is on the door frame (or other leaf of a pair of doors) or the body of the box. For real security it is essential to use a hasp and staple with concealed fixing, i.e. the heads of the fixing screws are completely covered when the padlock is locked in position, as otherwise the fitment can easily be removed by withdrawing the screws affording nil security.
Heel & Toe:
The parts of a padlock shackle that enter the padlock body.
Heel & Toe Locking:
A padlock with locking dogs at both the heel and toe of the shackle.
Heel (of a padlock shackle):
The part of a padlock shackle that is retained in the case when in the ‘unlocked' position.
High Security Cylinder:
A cylinder that offers a greater degree of resistance to any or all of the following: picking, impressioning, key duplication, drilling or other forms of forcible entry.
High Security Key:
A lock operating device that offers additional defense against its duplication, and/or provides integral features precluding bypass/neutralization of a lock.
High Security Locks:
Locks designed to resist unauthorized entry and provide a significant amount of key control.
Hinge:
The joint on which a door or gate swings.
Hinge Bolts:
Fixed steel protrusions fitted into the rear edge or hinge side of doors, closing into holes cut into the door frame, to protect from a forced attack on the hinge side of the door.
Hold Open:
A function of a door closer, or separate hardware device that allows the door to be retained in an open position.
Hold Open Cylinder:
A cylinder provided with a special cam that will hold a latch bolt in the retracted position when set by the key.
Holding Fixture:
A device that holds cylinder plugs, cylinders, housing, and/or cores to facilitate the installation of tumblers, springs and/or spring covers.
Hollow Core Door:
A door with an empty interior (except for rails) that holds the outer two sheets together.
Hollow Driver:
A top pin hollowed out on one end to receive the spring; typically used in cylinders with extremely limited clearance in the pin chambers.
Hook Bolt:
A pivoted spring-bolt, the head of which is shaped in the form of a hook. Such locks or latches are usually fixed on sliding doors.
Horizontal Group Master Key:
The two pin master key for all combinations listed in all blocks in a line across the page in the standard progression format.
Housekeeper's Key:
A selective master key in a hotel master key system that can operate all guest and linen rooms and other housekeeping areas.
Housing:
The part of a locking device designed to hold a core.
Hub:
The part of a lock or latch that is turned by the knob or handle to withdraw the bolt or latch.
Impression:
The mark made by a tumbler on its key cut OR to fit a key by the impression technique.
Impression Technique:
A means of fitting a key directly to a locked cylinder by manipulating a blank in the keyway and cutting the blank where the tumblers have made marks.
Inactive Leaf:
In a pair of doors, the door that is secondary in usage and is normally locked by surface or flush bolts and is not key-controlled. Also referred to as an "Inactive Door".
Incidental Master Key:
A key cut to an unplanned shear line created when the cylinder is combinated to the top master key and a change key.
Increment:
See Bitting Increment
Indicator:
A device that provides visual evidence of a deadbolt that is extended or a lock that is in shut-out mode.
Indirect Code:
A designation, unrelated to the bitting, assigned to particular key combination for future reference when additional keys or cylinders may be needed.
Individual Key:
An operating key for a lock or cylinder that is not part of a keying system.
Interchange:
See Key Interchange
Interchangeable Core:
A key removable core that can be used in all or most of the core manufacturer's product line. No tools (other than the control key) are required for removal of the core.
Interlocking Deadbolt:
A deadbolt that interlocks with a strike plate mounted to the frame, providing higher resistance to forced entry.
Interlocking Pin Tumbler:
A type of pin tumbler designed to be linked together with all other tumblers in its chamber when the cylinder plug is in the locked position.
Internal 4-Track:
A sidewinder key cut with a centre cut in the middle of the flat of the key on each side on the with 2 combinations on each side of the cut; hence the name 4-track.
Jamb:
The vertical member of a door or window frame. In some areas, the top rail of a door frame is referred to as the top jamb.
Jimmy Proof Lock:
A surface-mount lock that interlocks with a strike bracket installed on the door frame, providing a high level of security against forced entry by spreading the force more effectively.
Jumbo Cylinder:
A rim or mortise cylinder of 1 1/2″ diameter. K: (abbr.) Symbol for "keys" used after a numerical designation of the quantity of keys requested to be supplied with the cylinders: e.g. 1k, 2k, 3k, etc. It is usually found in hardware/keying schedules.
KA:
(abbr.) Keyed alike
KA/2, KA/3, etc.:
Symbol used to indicate the quantity of locks or cylinders in keyed alike groups.
KBA:
(abbr.) Key bitting array KD: (abbr.) Keyed different
Key:
A properly combinated device that is, or most closely resembles, the device specifically intended by the lock manufacturer to operate the corresponding lock.
Key Bitting Array:
A matrix (graphic) display of all possible bittings for change keys and master keys as related to the top master key.
Key Bitting Code:
A series of numbers that represent the cuts of a key.
Key Bitting Punch:
A manually-operated device that stamps or punches the cuts into the key blade, rather than grinding or milling them.
Key Bitting Specification:
The technical data required to bit a given (family of) key blank(s) to the lock manufacturer's dimensions.
Key blank:
A partly-made key, which has been shaped to enter the keyhole of a certain type of lock or latch, but of which the blade has not been finally shaped (i.e. notched or bitted) to operate the mechanism of the lock.
Key Change:
The combination of cuts in a key that enable it to operate the lock for which it was intended OR reference to a lock in which the combination can be changed through the use of a special key or tool without disassembling the lock.
Key Coding Machine:
A key machine designed for the production of code keys. It may or may not also serve as a duplicating machine.
Key Control:
Any method or procedure which limits unauthorized acquisition of a key and/or controls distribution of authorized keys OR a systematic organization of keys and key records.
Key Cut:
A depression on a key that allows it to turn in its lock. It aligns pins in pin tumbler locks or bypasses wards in warded locks.
Key Cut Profile:
The shape of a key cut, including the cut angle and the cut root shape.
Key Cut(s):
The portion of the key blade that remains after being cut and which aligns the tumbler(s).
Key Duplicating Machine:
A key machine designed to make copies from a pattern key.
Key Duplicator:
A machine used to create exact copies of keys. It uses a guide key and a blank key, cutting the blank to match the original key's profile.
Key Extractor:
A tool designed to remove broken parts of a key from a lock cylinder, which is essential for locksmiths when repairing locks.
Key Gauge:
A usually flat device with a cutaway portion indexed with a given set of depth or spacing specifications; used to help determine the combination of a key.
Key Interchange:
An undesirable condition, usually in a master key system, whereby a key unintentionally operates a cylinder or lock. (See also Cross Keying, Controlled Cross Keying and Uncontrolled Cross Keying)
Key Locking Dial:
A dial ring that can be locked with a key to prevent rotation.
Key Locking Dial Ring:
A dial ring containing a key lock to lock the dial and prevent rotation.
Key Machine:
Any machine designed to cut keys. (See also Key Coding Machine and Key Duplicating Machine)
Key Manipulation:
Manipulation of an incorrect key in order to operate a lock or cylinder.
Key Milling:
The grooves machined into the length of the key blade to allow its entry into the keyway.
Key Override:
A provision allowing for interruption or circumvention of the normal operation of a combinated lock or electrical device OR pertaining to such a provision, as in "Key Override Cylinder".
Key Override Cylinder:
A lock cylinder installed in a device to provide a key override function.
Key Retaining:
Term used to describe a lock that will not allow its key to be removed while it is unlocked
Key Section:
The exact cross-sectional configuration of a key blade as viewed from the bow toward the tip.
Key Steps or Key Depths:
This term usually means the bolt step and lever steps of a key for a lever lock.
Key Symbol:
A designation used for a key combination in the standard key coding system. e.g. A, AA, AA1, etc.
Key-in-Knob Cylinder:
A cylinder used in a key-in-knob lockset. Also called a "KIK cylinder".
Key-in-Knob Lockset:
Any lockset with a key-operated cylinder in one or more knobs.
Key-in-Lever Lockset:
Any lockset with a key-operated cylinder in one or more lever handles.
Keyed Alike:
Of, or pertaining to, two or more locks or cylinders that have, or are about to have, the same combination. They may, or may not, be part of a keying system.
Keyed Different:
Of, or pertaining to, a group of locks or cylinders, each is, or is to be, combinated differently from the others. They may, or may not be, part of a keying system.
Keyhole:
The hole into which the key enters to operate the lock or latch. It is often referred to as the keyway, particularly in a cylinder mechanism.
Keying Schedule:
A detailed specification of the keying system, listing how all cylinders are to be keyed and the quantities, markings, and shipping instructions of all keys and/or cylinders to be provided.
Keyor Keying Schedule:
See Hardware Schedule
Keyway:
The opening in a lock or cylinder shaped to accept key bit or blade of a proper configuration OR the exact cross-sectional configuration of a keyway as viewed from the front; not always the same as the key section.
Kick Plate:
A metallic plate used to protect the bottom of a door.
Latch:
The type of product with one bolt only, the bevelled springbolt or roller bolt, to latch or fasten the door, but not capable of being locked. Certain types, e.g. locking latches, nightlatches, or deadlatches, can, however, be locked by key or other means.
Latch Guard:
A plate or shield designed to protect a latch or bolt from being tampered with by tools or foreign objects, enhancing door security.
Lazy Pawl:
A cam on automotive cylinders that does no turn until either the key operation or the interior locking devise rotates enough to contact the driver on the cam.
Leading Door Edge:
The edge of the door opposite the hinges.
Leaf:
One half or section of a hinge OR one door in a set of double doors OR one section of a multiple section door.
Lever:
A flat shaped movable detainer in a lock, usually for the purpose of providing security and differs. The lever(s) in a lock have to be actually moved by the key to operate the lock. The belly of the lever is cut away to various depths to provide different combinations.
Lever and Warded Mechanism:
The lever mechanism with the addition of wards, usually for providing a greater number of differs. The addition of wards does not, however, increase the security of a lock. See "Wards".
Lever Handle:
A piece of lock or latch furniture, usually on a rose or plate, for use as an alternative to a knob for operating the springbolt of a lock or latch. All British lever handles are spring-loaded to ensure the return to horizontal after use, but Continental lever handles are not usually spring-loaded and thus when used with British locks or latches, sometimes tend to sag below the horizontal after a comparatively short period of use, unless additional springing is included in the lock action.
Lever Mechanism:
A lock mechanism having, as its principle feature, one or more levers.
LFIC:
Large Format Interchangeable Core.
LOBC:
(abbr.) Locked On By Combination; identifies a feature of some combination locks whereby the lock's back cover cannot be removed unless the correct combination has been dialled - usually to a separate changing index.
Lock:
A device operated usually, but not always, by a key, having one or more bolts or other members to fasten and secure a door, lid, drawer or other member.
Lock Housing:
The stationary part of a lock responsible for transferring the action of the key to the bolt.
Lockable Bolt:
A bolt that can be shot and locked in position by the use of a removable key.
Locking Latch:
A latch with a bevelled springbolt or roller bolt which is capable of being locked or secured, usually by key.
Locking Mechanism:
The part that stops access; can include the latch and/or the bolt.
Lockset:
A lock complete with necessary furniture including a spindle, ready for fixing to the door.
Lockset Furniture or Lock Furniture:
A lockset, minus the lock.
London Strip:
A steel bar fitted to the inside face of a door frame, shaped to accommodate the staple or striker of a rim latch lock.
Long Shackle (LS):
A padlock shackle with a greater amount of clearance than the normal standard shackle.
Lubrication:
On no account should oil be used to lubricate pin-tumbler cylinders. Graphite is the conventional lubricant for this mechanism.
MACS:
(abbr.) Maximum adjacent cut specification: The Maximum Adjacent Cut Specification (or MACS) of a lock is the maximum variance of component sizes between two adjacent components. This term is primarily used in pin-tumbler and wafer locks to define restrictions on the number of real key differs to ensure the proper operation of the lock. refers to the maximum variance allowed between two adjacent cuts on a key. When an adjacent pair of cuts on a key violates the MACS rule, it causes some or all of the shallower cut to be removed by the key cutting machine.
Magnetic Lock:
An electromechanical lock that consists of an electromagnet and an armature plate. It locks the door by magnetic force and is typically used in access control systems.
Magnetic Rotating Device (MRD):
A security device imbedded in the ignition lock of GM vehicles that uses Hall's magnetic effect to detect when the ignition lock is broken and can then de-activate the ignition system of a vehicle.
Maison Key System:
(from French, meaning "house" key system) A keying system where one or more cylinders are operated by every key (or relatively large numbers of different keys) in the system; eg. main entrances of apartment buildings operated by all individual suite keys of the building.
Manipulation-proof Lock:
A combination lock designed to prevent identification of the combination without physical attack.
Master Key:
A master key that has particular change keys related directly to its combination via the use of constant cuts.
Master Keyed:
Of or pertaining to a cylinder or group of cylinders that are, or are to be, combinated so all can be operated by their own change key(s) and by additional key(s) known as master key(s).
Master Keyed (Locks or Latches):
A lock or latch capable of being operated also by a master key as well as its own change or servant key.
Master Pin:
Usually a cylindrical-shaped tumbler, flat on both ends, placed between the top and bottom pin to create an additional shear line.
Master Pin (Master Wafer):
An optional pin placed between the top and bottom pins in a pin tumbler lock, allowing two differently cut keys to open the lock.
Master Ring:
A tube-shaped sleeve located between the plug and shell of certain cylinders to create a second shear line. The plug is grooved around the body and the working key has corresponding notches cut into the bottom of the blade, allowing the key to turn in the cylinder.
Master Wafer:
A special disc or wafer tumbler used in master keying, with dual or multiple key contact surfaces operating in conjunction with key blanks that have blades on opposite sides.
Maximum Adjacent Cut Specification:
The maximum allowable difference between adjacent cut depths on a key.
Milling:
The grooves cut into a key blank, along its blade.
Milling Cutter:
A type of cutter used on a key machine that removes metal very rapidly from a key blank or a type of cutter used in a key blank factory, to produce the grooves in the sides of a key blank.
Mogul Cylinder:
A pin tumbler cylinder with a diameter of 2.0″, whose pins, springs, key, etc. may also be proportionally increased in size; frequently used in prison locks.
Mortice:
A hole cut into the thickness of one edge of a door to receive a mortice lock or latch.
Mortice Key:
A key to operate a lever lock, consisting of a bow, shank and bit.
Mortice lock (or latch):
A lock or latch which is morticed or let into the thickness of the door from the meeting edge and held in position by screws through the forend.
Mortise:
A hole cut into the thickness of one edge of a door to receive a mortise lock or latch.
Mortise Cylinder:
A pin or disc tumbler cylinder made to operate a mortise lock. Mortise cylinders are normally screwed into the lock after it has been installed on the door.
Mortise Key:
A key to operate a lever lock, consisting of a bow, shank and bit.
Mortise Lock:
A lock designed to install into a large mortise cut-out in the edge of a door.
Mortise Lock (or Latch):
A lock or latch which is mortised or let into the thickness of the door from the meeting edge and held in position by screws.
MP Lock:
(abbr.) Manipulation-proof lock
Mullion:
A fixed or removable vertical member dividing a door opening; may also occur between a door & side lite or a separate glazed area.
Multi-section Key Blank:
A key section that enters more than one, but not all, keyways in a multiplex key system.
Multiplex Key System:
A series of different key sections that may be used to expand a master key system by repeating bittings on additional key sections. The keys of one key section will not enter the keyways of another key section. This type of system always includes another key section that will enter more than one, or all, of the keyways OR a keying system that utilizes such keyways and key sections.
Mushroom Pin:
A type of pin, resembling a mushroom, used in pin tumbler cylinders; used to add pick resistance to the cylinder. (See also Spool Pin)
Negative Locking:
Locking that's achieved solely by spring pressure or gravity that prevents a key cut too deeply from operating a lock or cylinder.
Night Depository:
A safe containing a heavy-duty secured drop bin & envelope drop in a wall-mounted exterior depository for customers to make bank deposits.
Night Latch:
A surface-mounted lock with a spring latch type of bolt.
Nightlatch:
A rim or mortise latch with a bevelled springbolt or roller bolt which shoots when the door is closed, but can be withdrawn by key from outside and by knob or lever handle from inside. Usually provided with a stop knob, slide or snib to hold the bolt retracted and to deadlock the bolt when shot in the closed position, even against the action of the key.
Non-Fail Safe:
See Fail Secure
Non-original Key Blank:
Any key blank other than the original one.
Non-Removable Pin Hinge:
The term "NRP" often refers to a "Non-Removable Pin" hinge. A hinge is a mechanical bearing that connects two solid objects, typically allowing only a limited angle of rotation between them. In the context of doors or cabinets, hinges are crucial for allowing controlled movement. A "Non-Removable Pin" hinge has a pin (the central rod around which the hinge rotates) that is designed to be non-removable.
Nose Puller:
A tool for removal of the nose of a lever tumbler lock, allowing access to the tumblers.
Note:
This condition could severely limit the security of the cylinder and the maximum expansion of the system when more than a few of these different keys operate a cylinder OR more than a few differently cross-keyed cylinders per system are required.
NRP:
See Non-Removable Pin Hinge
OBD2:
(abbr.) On board diagnosis; a data link connector that is required to be within 2 feet of the steering wheel.
OEM:
(abbr.) Original equipment manufacturer
On Board Programming (OBP):
Allows a user to program the vehicle to accept a new key, or fob without special tools.
One Column Progression:
A process where key bittings are originated by using the cut possibilities in one column of the key bitting array.
One-sided Lock (Single-entry):
A lock which has a keyhole on one side only, so that it can be operated by key from one side only, usually outside, but not from both. Nearly all cabinet locks and all padlocks are examples. Some high quality cylinder mortise locks are one-sided.
One-way Action:
An action where the follower will turn only one way.
One-way Cylinder:
A lock cylinder been modified so that a key will only turn in one direction, eg. clockwise or counter-clockwise. Typically, an alternate key will operate in both directions.
Open-back Strike:
A strike with an unenclosed opening opposite the lip edge. The open-back strike facilitates closing of the inactive leaf when the active leaf is already closed.
Opening Index:
The reference mark on a combination lock's dial ring used in dialling the combination to effect an opening. (See also Changing Index)
Operating Key:
Any key that will properly operate a lock or cylinder to lock or unlock the lock mechanism and is not a control key or reset key. (See also Change Key)
Originate a Key:
To cut a key to the combination of a lock where no key exists.
Padlock:
A comparatively small removable and portable locking device, usually but not always key operated on one side only. The locking member is a circular hinged sliding or swivelled shackle which passes through a hole in a staple, locking bar or similar member.
Padlock Eyes:
A pair of flat or angled metal brackets, always used in pairs; designed for a padlock shackle to go through both pieces.
Page Master Key:
The level three master key for all combinations listed on a page in the standard progression format.
Panel Grilles:
Steel grilles made to size with various infills of expanded diamond mesh, square weld mesh or fancy infills, usually fitted internally.
Panic Bar:
A door hardware mechanism that allows doors to be opened outward easily by pressing a bar, used primarily in emergency exits.
Panic Exit Device:
A door locking device designed to grant exit by pressing on a cross bar that releases the locking bolt or latch.
Para centric:
a keyway with one or more wards on each side projecting beyond the vertical center line of the keyway to hinder picking OR of, or pertaining to, a key blank made to enter such a keyway.
Parallel Arm:
Term describes one of several mounting configurations for a surface-mounted door closer. In a "parallel arm mount" the arm of the closer is parallel to the surface of the door when the door is closed.
Passage Set:
A device that includes a pair of door knobs and a spring latch, with no provision for any means of locking either knob.
Passive Entry Proximity Systems:
(abbr. PEPS) An access control for vehicles; uses a higher power RFID that allow users to have the vehicle unlocked & started by simply being close enough to the vehicle with your proximity key or fob on your person.
Pattern Key:
Any original key kept to use in a duplicating machine when additional keys are required OR any key used in a key duplicating machine to create a duplicate key.
Pawl:
The cam attached to the end of certain automotive lock cylinders; driven by the plug and acts upon the latch mechanism to operate it. The pawl may or may not be attached to a linkage rod.
Peanut Cylinder:
A miniature mortise cylinder. A peanut cylinder is 3/4″ in diameter, whereas a mortise cylinder is 1 5/32″ in diameter. (See also Mogul Cylinder)
PED:
(abbr.) Panic exit device
Pick Gun:
A tool designed to pick open locks by striking the bottom surfaces of the tumblers with a metal blade; usually shaped somewhat like a gun, with a trigger that causes the metal blade (pick needle) to strike the lock tumblers. There are mechanical and electric pick guns.
Pin Stack:
All of the tumblers in a pin chamber, including top, bottom, and any master pins.
Pin Stack Height:
The measurement of a pin stack, often expressed in units of the lock manufacturer's increment or as an actual dimension.
Pin Tumbler:
A locking mechanism that uses a set of pins of varying lengths to prevent the lock from opening without the correct key.
Pin tumbler mechanism:
The mechanism incorporated in the cylinder or body of a cylinder pin tumbler lock, latch or padlock, usually referred to as a cylinder lock, latch or padlock. Other than padlocks, the cylinder with its co-axial plug housing the pins and drivers under spring pressure passes through the thickness of the door, and the correct key lines up the pins and drivers to make a clear line of intersection between plug and cylinder, thus allowing the plug to rotate and the lock to be operated. The mechanism offers high security against key interchangeability and anti-pick mushroom drivers are usually included in every cylinder. For example, Yale 5 pin cylinders offer up to 24,000 differs as standard. It is also very suitable for master keying, as many different types of locks or latches can be included in the suite. Under master key, 12,200 differs are obtainable and under grand master key, 36 different sub-suites with up to a total of 2,200 differs can be provided.
Pippin File:
A type of file used extensively when making of keys by hand. The pippin file gets its name from the shape of its cross-section, that of a tear-drop or of the seed of a pippin apple.
Pivot:
A hinge with a fixed pin and knuckle, forming a single joint.
Plug:
The part of the pin-tumbler cylinder mechanism or disc tumbler cylinder mechanism into which the key enters and which the key turns. It houses the pins of a pin tumbler cylinder mechanism or the discs and springs of a disc tumbler cylinder mechanism.
Plug Bore:
The hole in the cylinder where the plug fits into.
Plug Follower:
A tool used in lock disassembly to remove the plug while keeping springs and pins in place.
Pocket Door:
A type of door that opens by sliding into a hollow wall.
Positional Master Keying:
A method of master keying certain binary type disc tumbler key-in-knob locks, and magnetic and dimple key cylinders. Of all possible tumbler positions within a cylinder, only a limited number contain active tumblers. The locations of these active tumblers are rotated among all possible positions to generate key changes. Higher level keys must have more cuts or magnets than lower level keys.
Positive Locking:
A condition brought about when a key cut that's too high forces its tumbler into the locking position. This type of locking does not rely on gravity or spring pressure.
Practical Key Changes:
The total number of usable different combinations available for a specific cylinder or lock mechanism.
Pre-cut Key:
An unused key, usually a factory key, stocked for use when rekeying locks.
Prep Key:
(abbr.
Primary Key:
In automotive lock terminology, the "primary key" is the key that operates the ignition lock. (See also Secondary Key)
Privacy Set:
A device that includes a pair of door knobs and a spring latch, with a provision for locking the outside knob, and unlocking with the use of a simple tool rather than a key.
Profile Cylinder:
A type of pin tumbler cylinder used extensively in Europe; fits entirely through the door and mortise lock and is secured by a single screw in the mortise lock's face. The inside can be keyed or have a knob.
Progress:
To select possible key bittings from the key bitting array, usually in numerical order.
Progression:
The logical sequence of selecting possible key bittings, usually in numerical order from the key bitting array.
Progression List:
A bitting list of change keys and master keys arranged in the sequence of progression.
Pullman Latch:
A curved, pivoting type of latch; used in many panic exit device designs and some unit lock and mortise lock designs.
Push Plate:
A protective plate mounted on the "push" side of a door to limit wear of the door's finish.
Rabbeted Door:
A door having an edge contoured with an offset creating two surfaces which form an overlap at the abutting edge.
Rabbeted Lock:
A lock with a face or front specially formed to use in a rabbeted door.
Rack Bolt:
A bolt, usually a door bolt, which is toothed so that it may be operated by a pinion.
Rail:
The horizontal construction member located on the top and bottom of a door. (See also Stile)
Rake:
A certain type of lock-picking tool (noun) OR to pick a lock using a "raking" action (verb).
Random Master Keying:
An undesirable process of creating a master key system utilizing unrelated keys.
Rap:
To open a pin tumbler cylinder by applying a rapping action to the outside with a small wood or plastic hammer while applying turning pressure.
Re-locking Device:
Any device intended to prevent normal opening of a safe as a result of an attack, two types are typically used, internal and external.
Rebate:
The measurement of the stepped reduction or recess in the forend of a rebated lock.
Rebated (Lock or Latch):
A mortise lock or latch with a forend specially shaped to correspond with the shaped meeting edge of the door for which it is intended. See "Full Rebated".
Recombinate:
To change the combination of a lock, cylinder or key.
Record Safe:
See "Fire Safe"
Rekey:
To change the existing combination of a cylinder or lock.
Release:
A striker in various forms to replace the lock strike and is operated electronically.
Relocking Device (RLD):
An auxiliary locking device designed to activate during a burglary attempt, keeping a safe locked even if the primary lock is defeated.
Removable Cylinder:
A cylinder that can be removed from a locking device by a key and/or tool.
Removable Dial:
A dial that's removable from the spindle.
Renter's Key:
One of two keys required to open a safe deposit box. The renter's key is the one issued to the box renter; it is unique key within the system. (See also Prep Key and Guard Key)
Request-to-Exit:
(abbr. REX) A mechanism for a person to indicate to an alarm and/or electronic access control system, of their intent to exit through a protected door, preventing a forced door alarm.
Retainer:
A component used to hold a lock cylinder or other part in place.
Reveal:
The distance measured from the trim surface of the jamb to the leading face of the door on the stop side when closed.
Rigid Grilles:
Heavy duty, welded construction, rod or bar grilles, usually fitted externally or internally to the fabric of a building.
Rim Cylinder:
This relates to a pack which usually comprises the cylinder with plug, rose, connecting bar, two connecting screws and two keys.
Rim Lock or Latch:
A lock or latch that is fitted by screwing on to the inside face of the door.
RKE:
(abbr.) Remote keyless entry
Roller Bolt:
In detention lock terminology a "roller bolt" is the auxiliary latch bolt of a latch lock, due to the fact that it is often fitted with a roller on its end OR in safe lock terminology a "roller bolt" is a type of lock bolt that pivots to release, rather than sliding.
Root Depth:
See Cut Root Depth
Rose 1.:
A cylinder rose or ring in cylinder locks or latches. It is a shaped metal disc which surrounds the outer face of the cylinder 2. In door furniture, it is the small plate to which the lever handle or knob is affixed and which is screwed to the door surface.
Rotary File:
A type of key machine cutting wheel with a set of very fine teeth; removes metal somewhat slowly from a key blank. Also known as a "File Cutter".
Rotating Constant:
One or more cuts in a key of any level that remain constant throughout all levels and are identical to the top master key cuts in their corresponding positions. The positions where the top master key cuts are held constant may be moved, but always in a logical sequence.
Rotating Constant Method:
A method used to progress key bittings in a master key system, wherein at least one cut in each key is identical to the corresponding cut in the top master key. The identical cut(s) is/are moved to different locations in a logical sequence until each possible planned position has been used.
Row Master Key:
The level one master key for all combinations listed on the same line across the page in the standard progression format.
Safe:
A lockable container for protecting its contents from fire and/or theft.
Safe Deposit Box:
A dual custody container for the storage of valuables; rented to end users by a bank, trust company or hotel.
Safe Lock:
A general term for the many varieties of key operated and other locks for safes.
Safety Lock-out:
A procedure to deactivate or render inoperative any energy device to ensure safety and give visual warning of danger while device is being worked on /locked out.
Safety Lock-out Hasp:
A device used in conjunction with padlocks which allows multiple padlocks to be used to safely lock-out an energy device; often used on electrical switch panels and steam or hydraulic valves.
Sash Lock:
An upright mortise lock, consisting of a latch bolt and a key operated bolt.
Sash Ward:
Used in rim and mortise locks, alone or in conjunction with levers for the purpose of obtaining or increasing the differs. Formed pieces of concentric metal are affixed around the inside of the keyhole. It also serves as a keyhole bush. The bitted key passes over these wards to operate the bolt. Little security is given when sash wards are used by themselves. See "Skeleton Keys".
SAVTA:
(abbr.) Safe and Vault Technicians' Association
Scalp:
The armoured face plate of a mortise lock or a thin piece of metal, usually crimped or spun onto
Screw-in Cylinder:
Sometimes used to identify a mortise cylinder.
Second Generation Duplicate:
Any key reproduced from the original.
Secondary Key:
In automotive lock terminology, the secondary key is the key that opens door and compartment locks that the primary key does not.
Security Pin:
A specially designed pin, such as serrated, spool, or mushroom pins, intended to make picking a lock more difficult.
Selective Master Key:
An unassociated master key that can be made to operate any specific lock(s) in the entire system, in addition to the regular master key(s) and/or change key(s) for the cylinder, without creating interchange.
Sequence of Progression:
The order in which bitting positions are progressed to obtain change key combinations.
Seven Column Progression:
A process wherein key bittings are originated by using the cut possibilities in seven columns of the key bitting array.
Sex Bolt:
Convex or flat-headed mating fastener used for through-bolting; consists of a female (internally) threaded barrel (nut) and a male (externally) threaded screw. The nut may have a knurled barrel to allow for one-sided installation; commonly used on door closers or exit hardware.
SFIC:
Small Format Interchangeable Core
Shackle:
The hinged, sliding or swivelling loop shaped member of a padlock. The heel of the shackle remains always in the padlock body and the toe of the shackle comes out when unlocked. A double locking padlock gives the greatest security against forcing because there are two separate bolts locking outwards in opposite directions, one into a niche in the heel of the shackle, and the other into the toe of the shackle. This is sometimes called heel and toe locking.
Shear Line:
The term is used to denote the line of the circumference of the plug in the bore of a pin tumbler cylinder.
Shear Lock:
A special-application electromagnetic lock (EML) designed to resist a shearing force (e.g. sliding the armature plate off the face of the EML rather than pulling straight away from it). Ordinary EMLs have little resistance to shearing force.
Shear-head Bolt:
A security fastener commonly used in automotive applications; designed so that its head breaks off when the bolt is torqued, rendering it non-removable.
Shell:
The part of the cylinder surrounding the plug; usually contains tumbler chambers corresponding to those in the plug.
Shim:
Any small piece of material used to fit between objects in order to position one or both of them OR a small, flat piece of extremely thin metal with a crown to match the radius of a lock cylinder plug. A shim is used to open a pin tumbler cylinder by inserting it into the small space between the plug and the shell and using it to separate the top and bottom pins.
Shoot (of bolt):
The distance a springbolt moves under the action of its spring.
Shoot 1.:
The outward movement of a lock bolt and the distance which it travels under the action of a spring or key. Shoot applies more particularly to spring bolts, throw being a better word for dead bolts. 2. The sliding part of a door bolt.
Shoulder:
Portion of a key blank that normally forms the stop.
Shoulder Guide:
Part of a key duplicating machine that facilitates proper positioning of the sample key and the key blank for duplicating.
Side Bar:
This is in addition to the existing pin or disc mechanism, and is a bar usually along the length of the mechanism and does not allow rotation until the mechanism is correctly lifted and can be directly controlled by the key.
Side Wards:
Notches cut into the sides of bitted keys so fashioned to enable the key to turn.
Sidebar:
A primary or secondary locking device in a cylinder. When locked it extends along the plug beyond its circumference. It must enter gates in the tumblers in order to clear the shell and allow the plug to rotate.
Sidewinder Key:
Also known as a laser-cut key, it features a snake-like cut path on the key blade, which is more complex than standard cuts and provides higher security against picking and duplication.
Silhouette Code:
An illustration of a combinated key found in code books for use in originating keys.
Simplex Key Section:
A single independent key section that cannot be used in a multiplex key system.
Single-acting:
Refers to a door or door closer designed to swing in one direction only. (See also Double Acting)
Single-bitted Key:
A key with cuts on only one side. (See also Double bitted Key)
Six Column Progression:
A process wherein key bittings are originated by using the cut possibilities in six columns of the key bitting array.
Skeleton Key:
A key with a simplified design that can open many different locks of a particular type, typically lever locks. It is generally used for older or historical locks.
Slide Hammer:
A heavy steel weight that slides along a shaft and strikes a stop at the end of the shaft. Slide hammers provide an impact in a direction away from the work, rather than toward it. It is a component of some pullers.
Sliding Grilles:
Steel sliding grille gates in single or double leaf, running on top and bottom guide tracks, locked by padlock or integral lock.
Sliding Lever:
A lever which slides between or on guides instead of swinging on a pivot.
Slotter:
A cutter designed to cut flat steel keys, ward lock keys and bit keys.
SMK:
(abbr.) Sub-master key
Snib:
A device used to engage or disengage a lock without a key, commonly used in Scottish or Irish English to mean lock.
Solenoid:
A solenoid is a device comprised of a coil of wire, the housing and a moveable plunger (armature). When an electrical current is introduced, a magnetic field forms around the coil which draws the plunger in. More simply, a solenoid converts electrical energy into mechanical work.
Spacing:
The dimension from the stop to the first cut and/or to the centers of successive cuts.
Spindle:
That part of the door furniture usually of square section which passes through the follower hole and is fitted to the knob(s) or lever handle(s) to operate the springbolt.
Spline Key:
A small part that fits snuggly into a hole formed by grooves in two mating parts, securing them together. Spline keys are commonly-used in combination locks, to secure the dial spindle to the drive cam.
Split Pin Master Keying:
A method of master keying a pin tumbler cylinder by installing master pins into one or more pin chambers.
Spool Pin:
Similar in function to the mushroom pin, the spool pin gets its name from the fact that it is somewhat spool-shaped and is used to increase pick resistance. (See also Mushroom Pin)
Spring Bolt:
A bolt that is held in place by a spring and can be moved by applying pressure without using a key.
Spring Shackle Padlock:
A padlock, the shackle of which springs open when unlocked, and is locked by snapping to.
Springbolt:
Sometimes called the latchbolt. A bolt having the outer edge shaped by bevelling of the vertical face. It is a bolt which may be pushed back into the lock-case and will return to the extended position without mechanical assistance.
Stacking:
In master keying terminology, the term "stacking pins" refers to the practise of placing more than one master pin in a pin chamber; generally regarded as undesirable.
Standard Key Coding System:
An industry standard and uniform method of designating all keys and/or cylinders in a master key system. The designation automatically indicates the exact function and keying level of each key and/or cylinder in the system, usually without further explanation.
Standard Progression Format:
A systematic method of listing and relating all change key combinations to all master key combinations in a master key system. The list is divided into segments known as blocks, horizontal groups, vertical groups, rows, and pages, for levels of control.
Staple:
1. A box-like fitting on the jamb of an inward opening door, and into which the bolt or bolts of a rim latch or lock shoot when door is closed. (It is sometimes referred to in Scotland and the North of England as a Bosshead). Some staples are lipped to act as a guide for the springbolt. 2. Part of a hasp and staple for use with a padlock. The padlock shackle passes through the eye or hole in the staple.
Staple 1.:
A box-like fitting on the jamb of an inward opening door, and into which the bolt or bolts of a rim latch or lock shoot when door is closed. (It is sometimes referred to in Scotland and the North of England as a Bosshead). Some staples are lipped to act as a guide for the springbolt.
Stop:
The part of a key from which all cuts are indexed and which determines how far the key enters the keyway OR the part of a door or window frame against which the door or window closes.
Stop Knob (Snib):
A device incorporated in some latches and locking latches to hold the bolt retracted or deadlock the bolt when door is closed.
Strike Plate:
A metal plate attached to a doorjamb with holes for the door's bolt. It protects the jamb from wear and helps secure the door.
Strike/Strike Plate:
A metal plate installed onto or in a door jamb, header or floor, with one or more openings into which a lock's latch and/or bolt can enter to lock the door.
Striking Plate:
Sometimes referred to as a "striker". It is a shaped flat metal plate fixed to the door frame or jamb with one or more bolt holes into which the bolt or bolts shoot. There is a shaped projecting lip on one side to guide the springbolt. It is used with all mortise locks or latches, and with rim locks or latches with reversed springbolt on an outward opening door.
Sub-assembled:
When purchasing locks from a wholesaler, it is sometimes possible to purchase them without tumblers, springs, etc. This is often done with locks that will usually be keyed to the customer's key at time of sale. Locks in this condition are normally called "sub-assembled" or "uncoded".
Sub-master Key:
The master key level immediately below the master key in a system of six or more levels of keying.
Suite (of Locks):
A group or collection of locks and/or locking latches and padlocks of different types and changes incorporated together under a master key or grand master key.
Tailpiece:
An actuator attached to the rear of a cylinder.
Talon:
The part of a bolt upon which the key presses when it is turned.
Tension Wrench:
A tool used in lock picking to apply turning pressure to the cylinder plug.
Theoretical Key Changes:
The total possible number of different combinations available for a specific lock cylinder or lock mechanism.
Thermal Relocking Device:
A relocking device with a fusible link designed to melt during a torch attack, activating additional security measures.
Threaded Cylinder:
A mortise cylinder
Three Column Progression:
A process wherein key bittings are originated by using the cut possibilities in three columns of the key bitting array.
Throat Cut:
A cut on some keys, usually flat steel keys for lever locks, that enables the key to turn and serves to hold the key in proper position as its turning.
Thumb Turn:
A small fitting, on the inside of a mortise lock, which is gripped between thumb and finger to operate the deadbolt. It should not be used on glass- or wood-panelled doors.
Tibbe:
A high security automotive lock system using rotating disc tumblers and their own key type.
Tie Bars:
The horizontal members of a vertical bar grille.
Time Delay Lock:
A locking mechanism that prevents a safe or secure container from being opened until a preset period has elapsed, commonly used in commercial banking environments.
Time Lock:
A clockwork or electric timing device which disallows operation of a lock or the opening of a door on safes or strongrooms.
Toe (of a Shackle):
The end of the shackle on a padlock; may be removed from the case.
Tolerance:
The deviation allowed from a given dimension.
Top Master Key:
The highest level master key in a master key system.
Top Pin:
The pin in a pin tumbler lock that contacts the spring, preventing the plug from rotating without the correct key.
Total Position Progression:
A process used to obtain key bittings in a master key system wherein bittings of change keys differ from those of the top master key in all bitting positions.
Trunnion:
A post and cam assembly having a slot the full length of its construction. A part of a lever lock which holds the key in place, and sometimes drives the locking bolt.
Try-out Keys:
A set of keys of varying combinations, that is intended to encompass all possible combinations for a particular key/lock mechanism. Try-out keys often utilize modified, or custom, bitting depths in order to reduce the total number of keys necessary in the set, by exploiting the key/lock mechanism's tolerance.
Tubular Key:
A key with a tubular blade. The key cuts are made into the end of the blade, around its circumference.
Tubular Key Cylinder:
A cylinder with tumblers arranged in a circle; operated by a tubular key; also knowns as a "radial pin tumbler cylinder".
Tubular Lockset:
A bored lockset with latch or bolt locking mechanism contained in the component installed into the edge bore.
Tumbler:
A movable obstruction of varying sizes and configurations in a lock or cylinder that makes direct contact with the key or another tumbler and prevents an incorrect key or torque device from activating the lock or other mechanism. Examples include pins, discs, wheels, levers, etc.
Tumbler Spring:
Any spring that acts directly on a tumbler.
Turn Wrench:
See Tension Wrench
Two Column Progression:
A process wherein key bittings are originated by using the cut possibilities in two columns of the key bitting array.
Two Step Progression:
A progression using a two-increment difference between bittings of a given position.
UL:
(abbr.) Underwriter's Laboratories
ULC:
(abbr.) Underwriter's Laboratories of Canada
Unassociated Change Key:
A change key which is not related directly to a particular master key through the use of certain constant cuts.
Unassociated Master Key:
A master key that does not have change keys related to it through the use of constant cuts.
Uncoded:
Of, or pertaining to, a cylinder that is, or is to be, supplied without keys, tumblers, or springs. (See also Sub-assembled)
Uncombinated:
Of, or pertaining to, a cylinder that is, or is to be, supplied without keys, tumblers, or springs. (See also Sub-assembled)
Uncontrolled Cross Keying:
A condition in which two or more different keys under different higher level keys operate one cylinder by design; e.g. XAA1 operated by AB, AB1.
Undercut Key:
A key type where the cuts are made on the underside of the blade to interact with the pins, which provides a higher security level by making the lock more resistant to picking.
Underwriter's Laboratories:
A chartered not-for-profit organization to establish, maintain, and operate laboratories for the examination and testing of devices, systems and materials to determine their relation to hazards to life and property, and to ascertain, define and publish standards, classifications
Underwriter's Laboratories of Canada:
A not-for-profit independent product safety testing, certification and inspection organization founded in 1920. It maintains and operates laboratories and a certification service for the examination, testing and classification of devices, constructions, materials and systems to determine their relation to life, fire and property hazards.
Unit Lock:
A lock be installed in a cut-out in the door edge without any disassembly or assembly required to the lock.
Universal Keyway:
A lock with "universal keyway" is designed to accept any or all or a number of different key millings; has been associated with General Motors aftermarket locks.
Vault Door:
A highly secure door specifically designed for vaults or safes, made of reinforced materials to resist drilling, cutting, and fire.
Vertical Bolt:
A type of bolt that travels up and down instead of from side to side, when the lock is operated.
Vertical Bolt Rim Dead Lock:
A type of rim dead lock that uses a vertical bolt. Also known as a "jimmy proof lock".
Vertical Group Master Key:
The level two master key for all combinations listed in all blocks in a column in a page of the standard progression format.
Vertical Rod:
Pertaining to a panic exit device that features locking points at the top and bottom of the door. Vertical rods connect the top and bottom latches to the center case of the panic exit device.
Wafer:
A flat, spring-loaded component used in some types of locks to obstruct the plug until the correct key is inserted.
Wafer Tumbler:
See Disc Tumbler
Wall Safe:
A safe designed to be installed in a wall.
Ward:
A usually stationary obstruction inside a key/lock mechanism that prevents turning of the key, unless the key has a corresponding ward cut.
Ward Cut:
A modification of a key allowing it to bypass a ward.
Warded Key:
A key with ward cuts only; typically a bit key, flat steel key or corrugated key.
Warded Lock:
Any lock or padlock, the mechanism of which makes use only of wards. Not recommended, due to the lack of security.
Warding:
Grooves and protrusions inside a lock that require a key of a certain shape to be inserted.
Wards:
Fixed obstructions inside a lock case to preclude the use of the wrong key, as the key is cut to pass over the wards and operate the lock. They are sometimes used in lever locks to give increased differs. Wards alone give very little security. See "Skeleton Key".
Wheel Pack:
A complete set of tumbler wheels, spacing washers, tension washers, etc. for a combination lock.
Wheel Post:
Component of most combination locks on which the wheel pack is mounted.
Zero-Bitted:
A condition where a new lock cylinder is configured with all pins at their shallowest depth, requiring rekeying to match a specific key bitting to operate.